One of the hot topics in Formula 1 in 2021 is flexible wings. This isn’t the first time teams have exploited the rulebook in Formula 1 utilising front wings capable of flexing closer to the ground to gain performance (downforce) from increased ground effect, yet able to pass the FIA’s static deflection tests.
Rear wings capable of flexing backwards under load to shed drag on fast straights, and wing flaps that ‘feather off’ at speed or deflect to close slot gaps have abounded for years. The performance of structural composite components under load, aerodynamic or otherwise, remains very much at the top of the designers’ priority list.
The Formula 1 technical regulations, the fundamental packaging requirements (driver, powertrain, peripheral components and systems) and aerodynamics define the shape of the external surfaces on Formula 1 cars. The chassis, suspension members, bodywork, and other aerodynamic devices are made from composite materials. Optimising each of these components to meet structural and aerodynamic requirements occupies substantial amounts of design time and resources.
Formula 1 Flexible Front Wing Video.

Until relatively recently, this has involved traditional methods relying on engineering experience and progressive evolution. For a long time, this produced satisfactory solutions for frequently manufactured components. Periodic challenges such as revised crash test requirements woul...